Genetic analysis of human egg cells (oocytes) has long been an area of interest in relation to in vitro fertilisation (IVF) – partly as a means of testing for inherited forms of disease, and also for testing for chromosomal abnormalities. These become much more common as a woman ages and play a major part in the corresponding decline in fertility.Pre-implantation genetics diagnosis (PGD) is a technique aimed at eliminating embryos created through in vitro fertilization (IVF), which have abnormal chromosomes or carrying serious genetic disease before pregnancy is established. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) refers specifically to when one or both genetic parents has a known genetic abnormality and testing is performed on an embryo to determine if it also carries a genetic abnormality. These structural or numerical defects in the embryo can be seen more often in older pregnant women, especially those over 35. This situation may result in infertility because it reduces the chance of implantation and also causes unwanted miscarriages. As a matter of fact, 40 out of 100 pregnancies in women aged 39 and over will result in problems related to structural or numerical chromosomal defects. In contrast, preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) refers to techniques where embryos from presumed chromosomally normal genetic parents are screened for aneuploidy.
How is a PGD procedure performed?
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a screening test used to determine if genetic or chromosomal disorders are present in embryos produced through in vitro fertilization (IVF). Following are the steps involved in performing PGD procedure.
1. The patient's suitability for PGD is evaluated by a doctor who specializes in the related disease.
2. Next, the couple is prepared for the IVF procedure.
3. The egg taken from the mother is fertilized with the father's sperm in a laboratory environment.
4. Embryologists extract one or two blastomeric cells from the removed embryos via a biopsy.
5. Cells extracted via a biopsy are subjected to a special dyeing technique (FISH), which allows chromosomes to be examined under a microscope, following a fixation process.
6. Embryos with structural or quantitative chromosomal defects are selected and removed. The healthy embryos are then transferred into the mother's womb.
Although PGS has been incorporated into the care of patients undergoing IVF treatment, its indications, utility, and outcomes remain an active area of research in reproductive medicine. As preimplantation screening for medical disorders at the embryonic level optimizes, its place in medicine and society will continue to generate controversy and ethical debate.
In spite of all its benefits, cases in which this technique will be used must be selected carefully. It should be remembered that a PGD procedure requires a cell to be extracted from the embryo via a biopsy. So there is chance of harming the embryo and this procedure has a 10 percent margin of error. Therefore, it is thought to do more harm than good when performed needlessly.
To gather more information about preimplantation genetic diagnosis,its procedures, treatment and succass rate you can contact Test tube baby clinic Iraq Middle East, Called Al-Manar Fertility & Endoscopy Center based in barah, Iraq. You can schedule an appointment with the doctors at http://almanarfertility.com or at +964 7700338337