Sarcomas belong to the group of diseases that are of heterogeneous nature. They vary in histological, biological, and clinical behaviour. The development in the treatment of sarcoma has been progressing at a snail’s pace. The patients, having metastatic disease, do not respond well to the prognosis, and hence, die due to the progression of cancer. The median overall survival is reported to be 1 year and the five-year survival rate is found to be 10%. Even after the advancement in the understanding of the microenvironment of the cancer, not much progress has been done in the field of target-based therapy.

Since a long time immunotherapy has been in the limelight, for being one of the effective treatment for solid tumors. However, its role in the treatment of cancer is still in its infancy. From the earlier studies, it has been suggested that immune-based treatment modality can be well tolerated in patients with sarcoma, but till now it has not been presented as the standard treatment regimen for sarcoma treatment.

Global Allied Pharmaceuticals (GAP) has been working to introduce new developments in the sarcoma treatment. Studies are being conducted using therapies of interleukin and interferon. These agents act as immune stimulators and regulators of immune system. The antigens are expressed with the help of these agents and the activity of T-cells is also modulated. In the studies conducted, Interleukin-2 has emerged as the key factor for T-cells and natural killer cells stimulation. Lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation is another function of this biological. FDA has approved Interleukin-2, in the form of infusion, for melanoma, which is of metastatic nature. GAP has been working to modify the efficacy and safety parameters of these agents.

Another approach used in sarcoma treatment is Adoptive cell transfer. The antigens, having the potential to fight against cancer cells, are transferred using this approach. The agents, used for this purpose are chimeric antigen receptors, or popularly known as CAR. The antibodies, with chains of the light and heavy nature, are used for this purpose. Intracellularly existing, T-cell signalling molecules are also used for this purpose. Till now, the results of these molecules, belonging to the first generation, has not been convincing. GAP is now working to utilize the third generation molecules for sarcoma treatment. From the studies, it has been identified, that the second generation molecules can be used for the treatment of hematological malignancies. So, the presumptions are high, for its efficacy in the solid malignancies.

From the studies, it has been reported that sarcomas are known to express some typical epitopes. These molecules are classified based on the nature of sarcoma cell origin. It is also hypothesized that a gene product may be responsible for their expression, which aids the immune-agents to easily target them. Ganglioside is one such example, of these target agents. Cancer testis antigens also belong to the same class.

Immunotherapy still needs to explore its potential in sarcoma treatment. However, some of the patients have been reported to show appreciable results, using immune-oncology therapies. Developments need to be made in this area, for developing an effective therapy for sarcoma treatment.